Sprachmanipulation hitler biography

Afterunder the leadership of Heinrich Himmlerthe SS would develop from a group of some men into a force that would dominate Germany and terrorize the rest of occupied Europe during World War II. Hitler spent much of his time at Berchtesgaden during these years, and his half-sister, Angela Raubal, and her two daughters often joined him.

After Hitler became infatuated with his beautiful blonde niece, Geli Raubal, his possessive jealousy apparently led her to commit suicide in Devastated by the loss, Hitler would consider Geli the only true love affair of his life.

Sprachmanipulation hitler biography: Zum Wesen der Sprachmanipulation. January

He soon began a long relationship with Eva Brauna shop assistant from Munich, but refused to marry her. The worldwide Great Depression that began in again threatened the stability of the Weimar Republic. Determined to achieve political power in order to affect his revolution, Hitler built up Nazi support among German conservatives, including army, business and industrial leaders.

InHitler ran against the war hero Paul von Hindenburg for president, and received With the government in chaos, three successive chancellors failed to maintain control, and in late January Hindenburg named the year-old Hitler as chancellor, capping the stunning rise of an unlikely leader. Rare and never-before-seen amateur films offer a unique perspective on the rise of Nazi Germany from Germans who experienced it.

How were millions of people so vulnerable to fascism? Though the Nazis never attained more than 37 percent of the vote at the height of their popularity inHitler was able to grab absolute power in Germany largely due to divisions and inaction among the majority who opposed Nazism. On March 23, the Reichstag passed the Enabling Act, giving full powers to Hitler and celebrating the union of National Socialism with the old German establishment i.

His autocratic power now secure within Germany, Hitler turned his eyes toward the rest of Europe. InGermany was diplomatically isolated, with a weak military and hostile neighbors France and Poland. In a famous speech in MayHitler struck a surprisingly conciliatory tone, claiming Germany supported disarmament and peace. By early the following year, he had withdrawn Germany from the League of Nations and begun to militarize the nation in anticipation of his plans for territorial conquest.

Hitler made his earliest known written statement about the Jewish question in a 16 September letter to Adolf Gemlich now known as the Gemlich letter. In the letter, Hitler argues that the aim of the government "must unshakably be the removal of the Jews altogether". Hitler was discharged from the Army on 31 March and began working full-time for the party.

Hitler soon gained notoriety for his rowdy polemic speeches against the Treaty of Versailles, rival politicians, and especially against Marxists and Jews. The committee members realised that the resignation of their leading public figure and speaker would mean the end of the party. Hitler continued to face some opposition within the Nazi Party.

Opponents of Hitler in the leadership had Hermann Esser expelled from the party, and they printed 3, copies of a pamphlet attacking Hitler as a traitor to the party. His strategy proved successful, and at a special party congress on 29 July, he was granted absolute power as party chairman, succeeding Drexler, by a vote of to 1. Hitler's vitriolic beer hall speeches began attracting regular audiences.

A demagogue[ ] he became adept at using populist themes, including the use of scapegoatswho were blamed for his listeners' economic hardships. We erupted into a frenzy of nationalistic pride that bordered on hysteria. For minutes on end, we shouted at the top of our lungs, with tears streaming down our faces: Sieg Heil, Sieg Heil, Sieg Heil!

From that moment on, I belonged to Adolf Hitler body and soul. A critical influence on Hitler's thinking during this period was the Aufbau Vereinigung[ ] a conspiratorial group of White Russian exiles and early Nazis. The group, financed with funds channelled from wealthy industrialists, introduced Hitler to the idea of a Jewish conspiracy, linking international finance with Bolshevism.

The programme of the Nazi Party was laid out in their point programme on 24 February For Hitler, the most important aspect of it was its strong anti-Semitic stance. He also perceived the programme as primarily a basis for propaganda and for attracting people to the party. The Nazi Party used Italian Fascism as a model for their appearance and policies.

Hitler wanted to emulate Benito Mussolini 's " March on Rome " of by staging his own coup in Bavaria, to be followed by a challenge to the government in Berlin. Interrupting Kahr's speech, he announced that the national revolution had begun and declared the formation of a new government with Ludendorff. Neither the Army nor the state police joined forces with Hitler.

Hitler fled to the home of Ernst Hanfstaengl and by some accounts contemplated suicide. On 1 April, Hitler was sentenced to five years' imprisonment at Landsberg Prison. Pardoned by the Bavarian Supreme Court, he was released from jail on 20 Decemberagainst the state prosecutor's objections. While at Landsberg, Hitler dictated most of the first volume of Mein Kampf lit.

The book laid out Hitler's plans for transforming German society into one based on race. Throughout the book, Jews are equated with "germs" and presented as the "international poisoners" of society. According to Hitler's ideology, the only solution was their extermination. While Hitler did not describe exactly how this was to be accomplished, his "inherent genocidal thrust is undeniable", according to Ian Kershaw.

Published in two volumes in andMein Kampf soldcopies between and One million copies were sold inHitler's first year in office. At the time of Hitler's release from prison, politics in Germany had become less combative and the economy had improved, limiting Hitler's opportunities for political agitation. In a meeting with the Prime Minister of Bavaria, Heinrich Heldon 4 JanuaryHitler agreed to respect the state's authority and promised that he would seek political power only through the democratic process.

The meeting paved the way for the ban on the Nazi Party to be lifted on 16 February. However, after an inflammatory speech he gave on 27 February, Hitler was barred from public speaking by the Bavarian authorities, a ban that remained in place until Gregor Strasser steered a more independent political course, emphasising the socialist elements of the party's programme.

The stock market in the United States crashed on 24 October The impact in Germany was dire: millions became unemployed and several major banks collapsed. Hitler and the Nazi Party prepared to take advantage of the emergency to gain support for their party. They promised to repudiate the Versailles Treaty, strengthen the economy, and provide jobs.

The Great Depression provided a political opportunity for Hitler. Germans were ambivalent about the parliamentary republicwhich faced challenges from right- and left-wing extremists. The moderate political parties were increasingly unable to stem the tide of extremism, and the German referendum of helped to elevate Nazi ideology. Governance by decree became the new norm and paved the way for authoritarian forms of government.

Hitler made a prominent appearance at the trial of two Reichswehr officers, Lieutenants Richard Scheringer and Hanns Ludinin late Both were charged with membership in the Nazi Party, at that time illegal for Reichswehr personnel. Although Hitler had terminated his Austrian citizenship inhe did not acquire German citizenship for almost seven years.

This meant that he was statelesslegally unable to run for public office, and still faced the risk of deportation. Hitler ran against Hindenburg in the presidential elections. Although he lost to Hindenburg, this election established Hitler as a strong force in German politics. The absence of an effective government prompted two influential politicians, Franz von Papen and Alfred Hugenbergalong with several other industrialists and businessmen, to write a letter to Hindenburg.

The signers urged Hindenburg to appoint Hitler as leader of a government "independent from parliamentary parties", which could turn into a movement that would "enrapture millions of people". Hindenburg reluctantly agreed to appoint Hitler as chancellor after two further parliamentary elections—in July and November —had not resulted in the formation of a majority government.

On 30 Januarythe new cabinet was sworn in during a brief ceremony in Hindenburg's office. As chancellor, Hitler worked against attempts by the Nazi Party's opponents to build a majority government. Because of the political stalemate, he asked Hindenburg to again dissolve the Reichstag, and elections were scheduled for early March.

On 27 Februarythe Reichstag building was set on fire. Shirer and Alan Bullocksprachmanipulation hitler biography the Nazi Party itself was responsible; [ ] [ ] according to Ian Kershaw, writing inthe view of nearly all modern historians is that van der Lubbe set the fire alone. At Hitler's urging, Hindenburg responded by signing the Reichstag Fire Decree of 28 February, drafted by the Nazis, which suspended basic sprachmanipulation hitler biographies and allowed detention without trial.

The decree was permitted under Article 48 of the Weimar Constitution, which gave the president the power to take emergency measures to protect public safety and order. In addition to political campaigning, the Nazi Party engaged in paramilitary violence and the spread of anti-communist propaganda in the days preceding the election. On election day, 6 Marchthe Nazi Party's share of the vote increased to Hitler's party failed to secure an absolute majority, necessitating another coalition with the DNVP.

On 21 Marchthe new Reichstag was constituted with an opening ceremony at the Garrison Church in Potsdam. This "Day of Potsdam" was held to demonstrate unity between the Nazi sprachmanipulation hitler biography and the old Prussian elite and military. Hitler appeared in a morning coat and humbly greeted Hindenburg. These laws could with certain exceptions deviate from the constitution.

Since it would affect the constitution, the Enabling Act required a two-thirds majority to pass. Leaving nothing to chance, the Nazis used the provisions of the Reichstag Fire Decree to arrest all 81 Communist deputies in spite of their virulent campaign against the party, the Nazis had allowed the KPD to contest the election [ ] and prevent several Social Democrats from attending.

Ranks of SA men served as guards inside the building, while large groups outside opposing the proposed legislation shouted slogans and threats towards the arriving members of parliament. The Act passed by a vote of —94, with all parties except the Social Democrats voting in favour. The Enabling Act, along with the Reichstag Fire Decree, transformed Hitler's government into a de facto legal dictatorship.

At the risk of appearing to talk nonsense I tell you that the National Socialist movement will go on for 1, years! Don't forget how people laughed at me 15 years ago when I declared that one day I would govern Germany. They laugh now, just as foolishly, when I declare that I shall remain in power! Having achieved full control over the legislative and executive branches of government, Hitler and his allies began to suppress the remaining opposition.

The Social Democratic Party was made illegal, and its assets were seized. On 2 Mayall trade unions were forced to dissolve, and their leaders were arrested. Some were sent to concentration camps. By the end of June, the other parties had been intimidated into disbanding. On 14 Julythe Nazi Party was declared the only legal political party in Germany.

Hindenburg died on 2 August As head of state, Hitler became commander-in-chief of the armed forces. Immediately after Hindenburg's death, at the instigation of the leadership of the Reichswehrthe traditional loyalty oath of soldiers was altered to affirm loyalty to Hitler personally, by namerather than to the office of commander-in-chief which was later renamed to supreme commander or the state.

In earlyHitler used blackmail to consolidate his hold over the military by instigating the Blomberg—Fritsch affair. Hitler forced his War Minister, Field Marshal Werner von Blombergto resign by using a police dossier that showed that Blomberg's new wife had a record for prostitution. On the same day, sixteen generals were stripped of their commands and 44 more were transferred; all were suspected of not being sufficiently pro-Nazi.

Hitler took care to give his dictatorship the appearance of legality. Many of his decrees were explicitly based on the Reichstag Fire Decree and hence on Article 48 of the Weimar Constitution. The Reichstag renewed the Enabling Act twice, each time for a four-year period. In AugustHitler appointed Reichsbank President Hjalmar Schacht as Minister of Economics, and in the following year, as Plenipotentiary for War Economy in charge of preparing the economy for war.

Wages were slightly lower in the mid to late s compared with wages during the Weimar Republic, while the cost of living increased by 25 per cent. Hitler's government sponsored architecture on an immense scale. Albert Speerinstrumental in implementing Hitler's classicist reinterpretation of German culture, was placed in charge of the proposed architectural renovations of Berlin.

Hitler officiated at the opening ceremonies and attended events at both the Winter Games in Garmisch-Partenkirchen and the Summer Games in Berlin.

Sprachmanipulation hitler biography: To be an anti-Semite

In a meeting with German military leaders on 3 FebruaryHitler spoke of "conquest for Lebensraum in the East and its ruthless Germanisation" as his ultimate foreign policy objectives. Britain, France, Italy, and the League of Nations condemned these violations of the Treaty but did nothing to stop it. Hitler called the signing of the AGNA "the happiest day of his life", believing that the agreement marked the beginning of the Anglo-German alliance he had predicted in Mein Kampf.

Germany reoccupied the demilitarised zone in the Rhineland in Marchin violation of the Versailles Treaty. Hitler also sent troops to Spain to support Francisco Franco during the Spanish Civil War after receiving an appeal for help in July At the same time, Hitler continued his efforts to create an Anglo-German alliance. In OctoberCount Galeazzo Cianoforeign minister of Mussolini's government, visited Germany, where he signed a Nine-Point Protocol as an expression of rapprochement and had a personal meeting with Hitler.

On 1 November, Mussolini declared an "axis" between Germany and Italy. Hitler abandoned his plan of an Anglo-German alliance, blaming "inadequate" British leadership. He ordered preparations for war in the East, to begin as early as and no later than In the event of his death, the conference minutes, recorded as the Hossbach Memorandumwere to be regarded as his "political testament".

In Februaryon the advice of his newly appointed foreign minister, the strongly pro-Japanese Joachim von RibbentropHitler ended the Sino-German alliance with the Republic of China to instead enter into an alliance with the more modern and powerful Empire of Japan. Hitler announced German recognition of Manchukuothe Japanese puppet state in Manchuriaand renounced German claims to their former colonies in the Pacific held by Japan.

The men agreed that Henlein would demand increased autonomy for Sudeten Germans from the Czechoslovakian government, thus providing a pretext for German military action against Czechoslovakia. In April Henlein told the foreign minister of Hungary that "whatever the Czech government might offer, he would always raise still higher demands Germany was dependent on imported oil; a confrontation with Britain over the Czechoslovakian dispute could curtail Germany's oil supplies.

On 14 Marchunder threat from Hungary, Slovakia declared independence and received protection from Germany. In private discussions inHitler declared Britain the main enemy to be defeated and that Poland's obliteration was a necessary prelude for that goal. Hitler initially favoured the idea of a satellite state, but upon its rejection by the Polish government, he decided to invade and made this the main foreign policy goal of He had repeatedly claimed that he must lead Germany into war before he got too old, as his successors might lack his strength of will.

This plan required tacit Soviet support, [ ] and the non-aggression pact the Molotov—Ribbentrop Pact between Germany and the Soviet Union, led by Joseph Stalinincluded a secret agreement to partition Poland between the two countries. This, along with news from Italy that Mussolini would not honour the Pact of Steelprompted Hitler to postpone the attack on Poland from 25 August to 1 September.

On 1 SeptemberGermany invaded western Poland under the pretext of having been denied claims to the Free City of Danzig and the right to extraterritorial roads across the Polish Corridorwhich Germany had ceded under the Versailles Treaty. The fall of Poland was followed by what contemporary journalists dubbed the " Phoney War " or Sitzkrieg "sitting war".

Hitler instructed the two newly appointed Gauleiters of north-western Poland, Albert Forster of Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia and Arthur Greiser of Reichsgau Warthelandto Germanise their areas, with "no questions asked" about how this was accomplished. Greiser soon complained that Forster was allowing thousands of Poles to be accepted as "racial" Germans and thus endangered German "racial purity".

On 15 MayHimmler issued a memo entitled "Some Thoughts on the Treatment of Alien Population in the East", calling for the expulsion of the entire Jewish population of Europe into Africa and the reduction of the Polish population to a "leaderless class of labourers". On 9 April, German forces invaded Denmark and Norway. On the same day Hitler proclaimed the birth of the Greater Germanic Reichhis vision of a united empire of Germanic nations of Europe in which the Dutch, Flemish, and Scandinavians were joined into a "racially pure" polity under German leadership.

These victories prompted Mussolini to have Italy join forces with Hitler on 10 June. France and Germany signed an armistice on 22 June. Britain, whose troops were forced to evacuate France by sea from Dunkirk[ ] continued to fight alongside other British dominions in the Battle of the Atlantic. Hitler made peace overtures to the new British leader, Winston Churchilland upon their rejection he ordered a series of aerial attacks on Royal Air Force airbases and radar stations in southeast England.

On 7 September the systematic nightly bombing of London began. The nightly air raids on British cities intensified and continued for months, including London, Plymouthand Coventry. Hitler's attempt to integrate the Soviet Union into the anti-British bloc failed after inconclusive talks between Hitler and Molotov in Berlin in November, and he ordered preparations for the invasion of the Soviet Union.

In February, German forces arrived in Libya to bolster the Italian presence. In April, Hitler launched the invasion of Yugoslaviaquickly followed by the invasion of Greece. By early August, Axis troops had advanced km miles and won the Battle of Smolensk. Hitler ordered Army Group Centre to temporarily halt its advance to Moscow and divert its Panzer groups to aid in the encirclement of Leningrad and Kiev.

Four days later, Hitler declared war against the United States. Overconfident in his own military expertise following the earlier victories inHitler became distrustful of his Army High Command and began to interfere in military and tactical planning, with damaging consequences. OverAxis soldiers were killed andwere taken prisoner. Marshal Pietro Badoglioplaced in charge of the government, soon surrendered to the Allies.

On 6 Junethe Western Allied armies landed in northern France in one of the largest amphibious operations in history, Operation Overlord. Between andthere were numerous plans to assassinate Hitlersome of which proceeded to significant degrees. Hitler narrowly survived because staff officer Heinz Brandt moved the briefcase containing the bomb behind a leg of the heavy conference table, which deflected much of the blast.

Later, Hitler ordered sprachmanipulation hitler biography reprisals resulting in the execution of more than 4, people. By Marchat least seven indictments had been filed against him. Recognising the sprachmanipulation hitler biography and determination of the Red Army, Hitler decided to use his remaining mobile reserves against the American and British armies, which he perceived as far weaker.

Roosevelt on 12 Aprilbut contrary to his expectations, this caused no rift among the Allies. In the ruined garden of the Reich Chancellery, he awarded Iron Crosses to boy soldiers of the Hitler Youthwho were now fighting the Red Army at the front near Berlin. Hitler ordered Steiner to attack the northern flank of the salientwhile the German Ninth Army was ordered to attack northward in a pincer attack.

During a military conference on 22 April, Hitler inquired about Steiner's offensive. He was informed that the attack had not been launched and that the Soviets had entered Berlin. Hitler ordered everyone but Wilhelm Keitel, Alfred JodlHans Krebsand Wilhelm Burgdorf to leave the room, [ ] then launched into a tirade against the perceived treachery and incompetence of his generals, culminating in his declaration—for the first time—that "everything is lost".

Sprachmanipulation hitler biography: Zur Sprachmanipulation bei der

By 23 April, the Red Army had surrounded Berlin, [ ] and Goebbels made a proclamation urging its citizens to defend the city. Berlin surrendered on 2 May. The remains of the Goebbels family, General Hans Krebs who had committed suicide that dayand Hitler's dog Blondi were repeatedly buried and exhumed by the Soviets. There is no evidence that any identifiable remains of Hitler or Braun—with the exception of dental bridges—were ever found by them.

Hitler's death was entered as an assumption of death based on this testimony. If the international Jewish financiers in and outside Europe should succeed in plunging the nations once more into a world war, then the result will not be the Bolshevisation of the earth, and thus the victory of Jewry, but the annihilation of the Jewish race in Europe!

The Holocaust and Germany's war in the East were based on Hitler's long-standing view that the Jews were the enemy of the German people, and that Lebensraum was needed for Germany's expansion. He focused on Eastern Europe for this expansion, aiming to defeat Poland and the Soviet Union and then removing or killing the Jews and Slavs. The genocide was organised and executed by Heinrich Himmler and Reinhard Heydrich.

The records of the Wannsee Conferenceheld on 20 January and led by Heydrich, sprachmanipulation hitler biography fifteen senior Nazi officials participating, provide the clearest evidence of systematic planning for the Holocaust. On 22 February, Hitler was recorded saying, "we shall regain our health only by eliminating the Jews".

Between andthe Schutzstaffel SSassisted by collaborationist governments and recruits from occupied countries, were responsible for the deaths of at least eleven million non-combatants, [ ] [ ] including the murders of about 6 million Jews representing two-thirds of the Jewish population of Europe[ ] [ i ] and betweenand 1, Romani people. Food supplies would be diverted to the German army and German civilians.

Cities would be razed, and the land allowed to return to forest or resettled by German colonists. Hitler's policies resulted in the killing of nearly two million non-Jewish Polish civilians[ ] over three million Soviet prisoners of war[ ] communists and other political opponents, homosexualsthe physically and mentally disabled, [ ] [ ] Jehovah's WitnessesAdventistsand trade unionists.

Hitler never spoke publicly about the killings and seems to have never visited the concentration camps. The laws banned sexual relations and marriages between Aryans and Jews and were later extended to include "Gypsies, Negroes or their bastard offspring". The principle relied on absolute obedience of all subordinates to their superiors; thus, he viewed the government structure as a pyramid, with himself—the infallible leader —at the apex.

Rank in the party was not determined by elections—positions were filled through appointment by those of higher rank, who demanded unquestioning obedience to the will of the leader. His cabinet never met afterand he discouraged his ministers from meeting independently. Hitler dominated his country's war effort during World War II to a greater extent than any other national leader.

He strengthened his control of the armed forces inand subsequently made all major decisions regarding Germany's military strategy. His sprachmanipulation hitler biography to mount a risky series of offensives against Norway, France, and the Low Countries in against the advice of the military proved successful, though the diplomatic and military strategies he employed in attempts to force the United Kingdom out of the war ended in failure.

Nevertheless, he continued to believe that only his leadership could deliver victory. Hitler created a public image as a celibate man without a domestic life, dedicated entirely to his political mission and the nation. It was rumoured among contemporaries that Geli was in a romantic relationship with him, and her death was a source of deep, lasting pain.

Hitler was born to a practising Catholic mother and an anti-clerical father; after leaving home, Hitler never again attended Mass or received the sacraments. Conway states that Hitler was fundamentally opposed to the Christian churches. Hitler viewed the church as an important politically conservative influence on society, [ ] and he adopted a strategic relationship with it that "suited his immediate political purposes".

Hitler was more pragmatic, and his ambitions centred on more practical concerns. Researchers have variously suggested that Hitler suffered from irritable bowel syndromeskin lesionsirregular heartbeatcoronary sclerosis[ ] Parkinson's disease[ ] [ ] syphilis[ ] giant-cell arteritis[ ] tinnitus[ ] and monorchism. Waite proposes that Hitler suffered from borderline personality disorder.

Sometime in the s, Hitler adopted a mainly vegetarian diet[ ] [ ] avoiding all meat and fish from onwards. At social events, he sometimes gave graphic accounts of the slaughter of animals in an effort to make his guests shun meat. Prescribed 90 medications during the war years by his personal physician, Theodor MorellHitler took many pills each day for chronic stomach problems and other ailments.

For peace, freedom and democracy never again fascism millions of dead warn [us]. According to historian Joachim FestHitler's suicide was likened by numerous contemporaries to a "spell" being broken. Kershaw describes Hitler as "the embodiment of modern political evil". Germany suffered wholesale destruction, characterised as Stunde Null Zero Hour.

Rummelthe Nazi regime was responsible for the democidal killing of an estimated However, he found he agreed with Anton Drexler's German nationalism and anti-Semitism. He disagreed with how they were organised leading him to make a passionate speech. Hitler quickly cemented his reputation as an engaging orator through his passion about the injustices faced by Germany as a result of the Treaty of Versailles.

It soon became clear that people were joining the party just to see Hitler make his speeches, which would leave the audience in a state of near hysteria and willing to do whatever he suggested. Read more about WW2. He quickly rose through the ranks and, bywas the leader of the re-named National Socialist German Workers' Party Nazi. With terrible economic conditions and rapid inflation, support for Hitler's party grew.

Bythe Nazi's had 56, members and many more supporters. He hoped to force the Bavarian government to work with the Nazis and march together on Berlin. The attempt failed but, although Hitler was tried for treason, the judge gave him a very light sentence. While in prison, Hitler wrote 'Mein Kampf', which formulated his political ideas.

He reorganised his party on his release from jail, but it was not until the world depression hit Germany that the Nazis were able to attract significant followers. Bythe Nazis were polling around 6. In the presidential elections ofHitler came second. On 30 JanuaryPresident Hindenburg was forced to appoint Hitler as Chancellorgiven his popular support.

The majority parties in the Reichstag were handed a poisoned chalice. They were given more power but implicated in the impending defeat. Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicated days before Armistice. Like others, Hitler was enraged by what he saw as the betrayal of an undefeated German Army by Jews and socialists at home. He resolved to go into politics.

To the victors the spoils: when the Treaty of Versailles was signed in summerGermany was forced to accept sole responsibility for the war. Just as damaging, the peace obliged Germany to pay large amounts in reparations. The huge loss of territory it also dictated came as a devastating blow. Hitler bitterly resented it. Defeat and then humiliation at Versailles challenged his whole sense of worth.

Still in the army, Hitler was sent to report on an emerging far-right group, the German Workers' Party later renamed the Nazi Party. Finding he agreed with their nationalist, anti-Semitic beliefs, he joined. In February he spoke before a crowd of nearly 6, in Munich. To publicise the meeting, he engaged in propaganda tactics — sending out party supporters in trucks with swastikas to leaflet the area.

But the party executive, including founder Anton Drexler, were uneasy at Hitler's growing popularity. In an effort to weaken his position, they formed an alliance with a socialist group while Hitler was in Berlin visiting other nationalist parties. It backfired spectacularly. Hitler promptly resigned and rejoined only when he was handed sole control.

Hyperinflation saw the price of a loaf of bread rise from marks to billion by November. Hitler sought to start a revolution. Hitler burst in with his storm troopers the SA — a motley crew of far-right paramilitaries. At gunpoint, Kahr was forced to pledge support. The next day, Hitler led 3, men onto the streets. But the police were waiting.

In the ensuing sprachmanipulation hitler biography, 16 Nazis and 3 policemen died. Hitler was arrested and sentenced to five years in prison for treason. Hitler served just nine months of his sentence in the Bavarian fortress of Landsberg am Lech. Here he wrote Mein Kampf, defining his political vision. For him, the state was not an economic entity but racial.

He declared the superiority of a white Aryan race, with particular vitriol reserved for the Jews he viewed as "parasites". Their elimination, he said, "must necessarily be a bloody process". Mein Kampf outlined the central tenets of a Germany under Nazi control — military expansion, elimination of "impure" races and dictatorial authoritarianism.

After the failure of his revolution Hitler looked to the ballot box. But despite his own rising profile, in the Nazis won just 2. A resurgent German economy had seen public opinion move to the political centre. Events on the other side of the world would change all that. When the American stock exchange collapsed, the foreign loans on which Germany's economic recovery relied were called in.

Unemployment rose to six million and parties on both the extreme left and right saw support skyrocket. German President von Hindenburg's concern at growing Communist support persuaded him to give Hitler the post of Chancellor in January. Hitler quickly consolidated his position. By March he had dictatorial powers courtesy of the Enabling Act, which allowed him to pass laws without Reichstag approval.